Every attack of a mob or player results in a chance of getting Evade or Dodge as long as it's NOT a miss. At least that's what I've seen over the years.
In other words a miss is non-productive for your avatar. I'm pretty sure this is also true for your offence, so if you use a weapon and miss the mob/player (i.e., you shoot in the air or see the yellow "MISS") you have no chance to get skills. Though, with the yellow "MISS" your tool/weapon still decays as if you hit.
(If a mob misses you nothing of your equipment decays)
Then there's this other rule where you don't get skill points at all after being in combat with the same mob one way or the other for several minutes. An exception for this are event mobs I guess.
Again: I'm talking about chances here, not actually getting skill points.
How Evade/Dodge works I think there is a range of how much you can evade/dodge, so you do have a chance to evade/dodge a superior mob, even if that chance is slim. On the other end of the scale ubers can get hit by a puny-mob as evade/dodge don't work up to 100%. However, in that case punies are also likely to miss so the actual number of hits is very low. I haven't heard of a naked uber being taken down by a puny
Feel free to correct me